{"id":67569,"date":"2016-02-03T05:21:31","date_gmt":"2016-02-03T05:21:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/healthmedicinet.com\/i\/international-genome-research-partnership-uncovers-bed-bug-resistance-to-pesticides\/"},"modified":"2016-02-03T05:21:31","modified_gmt":"2016-02-03T05:21:31","slug":"international-genome-research-partnership-uncovers-bed-bug-resistance-to-pesticides","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/healthmedicinet.com\/i\/international-genome-research-partnership-uncovers-bed-bug-resistance-to-pesticides\/","title":{"rendered":"International genome research partnership uncovers bed bug resistance to pesticides"},"content":{"rendered":"

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IMAGE:\u00c2\u00a0<\/strong>UC research team from left are: Joshua Benoit, Jake Hendershot, Elise Szuter, Andrew Rosendale, Emily Jennings.
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Credit: Joseph Fuqua II<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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The very thought of them makes a person shudder \u00e2\u20ac\u201c and scratch. Those bloodsucking bed bugs are endemic in every major city, and they\u00e2\u20ac\u2122re very hard to get rid of. A massive international research partnership \u00e2\u20ac\u201c including the University of Cincinnati \u00e2\u20ac\u201c has sequenced the entire genome of the common bed bug, uncovering several traits that also could reveal why they\u00e2\u20ac\u2122re so resistant to pesticides. The article is one of two papers sequencing the bed bug gene that is published this month in the journal, Nature Communications<\/em>.<\/p>\n

The intensive analysis of the common bed bug (C. lectularius<\/em>) sequenced genome (650 Mb) and 14,220 predicted protein-coding genes. The investigation provides a comprehensive representation of genes linked to the bed bugs\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 mating traits (traumatic insemination). The examination also reveals a reduced chemosensory repertoire of genes related to making them the little blood suckers that they are, as well as several qualities that can make them resistant to pesticides. \u00e2\u20ac\u0153We provide the first full panel of all the potential genes that are likely involved with pesticide resistance,\u00e2\u20ac\u009d says lead author Joshua Benoit, a UC assistant professor of biological sciences.<\/p>\n

The massive analyses involved rearing the bed bugs, extracting DNA and sequencing and assembling the genome. The report provides a full annotation of genes that compose the bed bug cuticle, or their outer skeleton. That tough outer shell plays a significant role in their resistance to pesticides. It\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s believed that resistance is a result of changes in the expression of cuticle proteins. The researchers identified 273 genes that encode common cuticle proteins.<\/p>\n

\u00e2\u20ac\u0153We found underlying characteristics surrounding why they feed off only blood,\u00e2\u20ac\u009d says Benoit, who adds that the bed bug can survive an entire year without a meal. In other words, if someone\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s home is infested and that person leaves the premises for a few weeks in the hope that the bed bugs will go away, that isn\u00e2\u20ac\u2122t going to happen. The bed bugs will be hungry and waiting when the \u00e2\u20ac\u0153host\u00e2\u20ac\u009d gets back home.<\/p>\n

The genome examination revealed what chemical cues attract the bed bug and genes associated with blood digestion.<\/p>\n

The profile also found the gene related to how bed bugs mate, which is through what\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s called traumatic insemination. The male pierces an area in the female that is not a reproductive organ, yet she will develop a new, auxiliary reproductive organ to accommodate that form of reproduction.<\/p>\n

\u00e2\u20ac\u0153They seem to be uniquely central to lateral gene transfers from bacteria,\u00e2\u20ac\u009d adds Benoit. \u00e2\u20ac\u0153We picked up more than 800 putative lateral gene transfer bits.\u00e2\u20ac\u009d That included Wolbachia bacteria, a common reproductive parasite, and Arsenophonus. <\/p>\n

\u00e2\u20ac\u0153Parts of the genome from this bacteria have been inserted into the bed bug genome,\u00e2\u20ac\u009d explains Benoit. \u00e2\u20ac\u0153This happens once or twice in a lot of incidences, but having it happen a hundred times is unique. And one specific gene is even expressed.\u00e2\u20ac\u009d<\/p>\n

International research institutions on this project represent the U.S., India, Germany, Switzerland, France, Taiwan, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n

\u00e2\u20ac\u0153This study reveals evolutionary adaptations associated with the lifestyle of bed bugs, including significant reductions in chemosensory genes, expansion of genes that are associated with blood digestion, and the entire repertoire of genes that have been associated with pesticide resistance in various other species. The sequencing, assembly, annotation and manual analyses of the C. lectularius<\/em> genome provide an important and timely resource for understanding the biology of this human ectoparasite. It will also serve as a gateway for the discovery of new targets for control of bed bug populations,\u00e2\u20ac\u009d concludes the paper.<\/p>\n

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Funding for the genome sequencing, assembly and automated annotation was provided by National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) grant U54 HG003273. Additional funding was supported by the Blanton J. Whitmire endowment, Housing and Urban Development; National Science Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Institutes of Health; the Royal Society of New Zeland Marsden Fast Start Grant; Fralin Life Sciences Institutes and Virginia Agriculture Experimental Station; European Research Council; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; UC Faculty Development Research Grant and Ohio Supercomputer Center; Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowships; and Swiss National Science Foundation.<\/p>\n

The journal Nature Communications<\/em> is an open access journal that publishes high-quality research from all areas of the natural sciences. Papers published by the journal represent important advances of significance to specialists within each field.<\/p>\n

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International Bed Bug Genome Project Collaboration<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

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University of Cincinnati Department of Biological Sciences<\/p>\n

Joshua Benoit; Elise M. Szuter, doctoral student; Emily C. Jennings, doctoral student; Andrew Rosendale, post-doctoral fellow; Jacob Hendershot, undergraduate; Richard W. Hagan, undergraduate.<\/p>\n

University of Kentucky Department of Entomology<\/p>\n

Subba R. Palli, Hemant Gujar, Jayendra Nath Shukla, Fang Zhu<\/p>\n

Washington State University Department of Entomology<\/p>\n

Fang Zhu<\/p>\n

ICAR \u00e2\u20ac\u201c National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Indian Council of Agricultural Research<\/p>\n

M. Mohan<\/p>\n

University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry<\/p>\n

David R. Nelson<\/p>\n

Virginia Tech Fralin Life Institute and Department of Entomology<\/p>\n

Zach N. Adelman; Michelle A.E. Anderson<\/p>\n

University of Cologne (Germany), Cologne Biocenter and Zoological Institute<\/p>\n

Wolfgang Blenau; Christian Derst; Reinhard Predel<\/p>\n

Goethe University Frankfurt (Germany), Institut f\u00c3\u00bcr Bienenkunde (Polytechnische Gesellschaft)<\/p>\n

Valentina Resnik; Sebastian Wernig<\/p>\n

University of W\u00c3\u00bcrzburg (Germany), Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Department of Neurobiology and Genetics<\/p>\n

Pamela Menegazzi; Nicolai Peschel; Christian Wegener<\/p>\n

Technische Universitaet Dresden (Germany), Department of Biology, Applied Zoology<\/p>\n

Klaus Reinhardt<\/p>\n

Institute of Biology, Freie Universitaet (Germany), Department of Evolutionary Biology<\/p>\n

Paul R. Johnson<\/p>\n

University of Geneva (Switzerland), Department of Genetic Medicine and Development and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<\/p>\n

Panagiotis Ioannidis’; Robert M. Waterhouse; Evgeny M. Zdobnov<\/p>\n

Massachusetts Institute of Technology and The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory<\/p>\n

Robert M. Waterhouse<\/p>\n

Pest Control Biology and Research Technologies, Bayer CropScience AG (Germany)<\/p>\n

Ralf Nauen; Corinna Schorn; Mark-Christoph Ott; Frank Maiwald<\/p>\n

Texas AM University, Department of Entomology<\/p>\n

J. Spencer Johnston; Edward L. Vargo<\/p>\n

North Carolina State University, Raleigh, Department of Entomology and W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology<\/p>\n

Coby Schal<\/p>\n

Purdue University, Department of Entomology<\/p>\n

Hugh M. Robertson<\/p>\n

University of Florida, Gainesville, Department of Entomology and Nematology<\/p>\n

Benjamin A. Hottel<\/p>\n

Institut de G\u00c3\u00a9nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL, France), Ecole Normale Sup\u00c3\u00a9rieure de Lyon<\/p>\n

David Armis\u00c3\u00a9n; Antonin Jean Johan Crumi\u00c3\u00a8re; Peter Nagui Refki; Maria Emilia Santos; Essia Sghairer; S\u00c3\u00a9verine Viala; Abderrahan Khila<\/p>\n

Max Plank Institute for Chemical Ecology (Germany), Department of Entomology<\/p>\n

Seung-Joon Ahn<\/p>\n

National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, Maryland<\/p>\n

Monica Poelchau; Christopher Childers; Chien-Yueh Lee; Han Lin<\/p>\n

National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics<\/p>\n

Chien-Yueh Lee; Han Lin<\/p>\n

University of Otago (New Zealand), Department of Biochemistry and Genetics Otago<\/p>\n

Elizabeth J. Duncan<\/p>\n

University of Rochester, Department of Biology<\/p>\n

John H. Werren; Amanda Dolan<\/p>\n

Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics<\/p>\n

Stephen Richards; Daniel S.T. Hughes; Shwetha C. Murali; Jiaxin Qu; Shannon Dugan; Sandra L. Lee; Hsu Chao; Huyen Dinh; Yi Han; HarshaVardhan Doddapaneni; Kim C. Worley; Donna M. Muzny; Richard A. Gibbs<\/p>\n

Massey University (New Zealand), Institute of Fundamental Science<\/p>\n

David Wheeler<\/p>\n

University of Cologne (Germany), Institute for Developmental Biology<\/p>\n

Kristen A. Panfilio; Iris M. Vargas Jentzsch<\/p>\n

University of Tulsa, Department of Biological Sciences<\/p>\n

Warren Booth<\/p>\n

Wayne State University, Department of Biological Sciences<\/p>\n

Markus Friedrich; Jeffery W. Jones<\/p>\n

Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Biomedical Informatics and Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Department of Pediatrics, UC College of Medicine<\/p>\n

Matthew T. Weirauch<\/p>\n

The Ohio State University (Wooster), Department of Entomology<\/p>\n

Omprakash Mittapalli; Chaoyang Zhao<\/p>\n

Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, BBSRC Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom<\/p>\n

Jing-Jiang Zhou<\/p>\n

Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, Maryland<\/p>\n

Jose M. C. Ribeiro<\/p>\n

U.S. Department of Agriculture \u00e2\u20ac\u201c Agricultural Research Service Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland<\/p>\n

Jay D. Evans<\/p>\n

Yale University, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health<\/p>\n

Geoffrey M. Attardo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IMAGE:\u00c2\u00a0UC research team from left are: Joshua Benoit, Jake Hendershot, Elise Szuter, Andrew Rosendale, Emily Jennings. view more Credit: Joseph Fuqua II The very thought of them makes a person shudder \u00e2\u20ac\u201c and scratch. Those bloodsucking bed bugs are endemic in every major city, and they\u00e2\u20ac\u2122re very hard to get rid of. A massive international Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/healthmedicinet.com\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67569","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/healthmedicinet.com\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/healthmedicinet.com\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/healthmedicinet.com\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/healthmedicinet.com\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67569"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/healthmedicinet.com\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67569\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/healthmedicinet.com\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/healthmedicinet.com\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/healthmedicinet.com\/i\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}