By Daniel Trotta<\/p>\n
NEW YORK (Reuters) \u2013 Jodie Patterson\u2019s 3-year-old, Penelope, was brooding and angry until one day she asked her child what was wrong.<\/p>\n
Penelope, who was assigned female at birth, was upset \u201cbecause everyone thinks I\u2019m a girl,\u201d but he said he was really a boy.<\/p>\n
\u201cI said, \u2018However you feel inside is fine.’\u201d Patterson recalled from their home in Brooklyn, New York. \u201cAnd then Penelope looked at me and said, \u2018No mama, I don\u2019t feel like a boy. I am a boy.’\u201d<\/p>\n
Almost immediately, Patterson embraced the reality that Penelope was a transgender boy, and by age 5 he was going to school as a boy. Today, at age 9, Penelope is happy and healthy as a boy who loves karate and super heroes and decided to keep his birth name.<\/p>\n
Increasingly across the United States, doctors and parents of transgender children are embracing their identity as soon it starts becoming obvious, sometimes around age 3. Many say they are finding much greater chances of happiness and well-being when children are nurtured in their new gender identity at such a young age.<\/p>\n
Although there is not a consensus on the issue, some clinicians who work with transgender children have concluded that when children persistently identify as the nonconforming gender, the best course is to socially transition, or live as the other gender, even at age 3.<\/p>\n
Other specialists in the field advocate a more cautious approach because the long-term psychosexual results for young children can vary widely and unpredictably.<\/p>\n
In Penelope\u2019s case, his behavioral problems disappeared as soon as his family affirmed his new gender identity, said Patterson, who has five children. \u201cThat whole grumpy face became happy face,\u201d Patterson said.<\/p>\n
Whatever the age, parental support is crucial.<\/p>\n
Fifteen percent of transgender Americans say they ran away from home or were kicked out of the house, according to a survey released on Dec. 8 of nearly 28,000 transgender adults.<\/p>\n
The same study, by advocacy group the National Center for Transgender Equality, found transgender adults were nine times more likely than the general population to attempt suicide.<\/p>\n
But transgender people with supportive families were far less likely to attempt suicide, be homeless or experience serious psychological distress \u2013 by nearly 20-point margins compared with those who lacked family support, the survey said.<\/p>\n
With better education, today\u2019s transgender children generally receive much more support than those surveyed adults did in their youth.<\/p>\n
The question remains, though, around embracing gender nonconformity: How young is too young?<\/p>\n
\u201cWATCHFUL WAITING\u201d<\/p>\n
Researchers have long established that children acquire gender identity starting around 3 years old, and for the vast majority who are not transgender, or cisgender, such an identity is unremarkable.<\/p>\n
While transgender people may realize their identities at any age, some firmly establish a transgender identity in early childhood, even by age 3.<\/p>\n
Some of the pioneering research on transgender issues has come from psychiatrists at VU University Medical Center in the Netherlands, sometimes called \u201cthe Dutch group.\u201d<\/p>\n
Advocating \u201cwatchful waiting,\u201d the Dutch group urges caution in leading pre-adolescent children into a social transition, in part because a significant though not precisely established percentage will revert back to the natal gender, or gender assigned at birth. Experts say further study is needed to determine how many children make such a reversion in their transgender identity.<\/p>\n
The Dutch group sees potential harm in putting a teenager through a second gender transition. They also raise concerns that transition at a young age can distort a child\u2019s sense of reality, requiring later treatment.<\/p>\n
But some Americans psychiatrists who work directly with transgender youth have argued that those who are consistent in their gender identity be allowed to transition because they are suffering in the natal gender.<\/p>\n
\u201cI support a social transition for a kid who is in distress and needs to live in a different way. And I do so because I am very focused on what the child needs at that time,\u201d said Johanna Olson-Kennedy, medical director of the Center for Transyouth Health and Development at Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, the largest transgender youth clinic in the United States with some 750 patients.<\/p>\n
A social transition to the other gender helps children learn, make friends, and participate in family activities. Some will decide later they are not transgender, but Olson-Kennedy says the potential harm in such cases may be overstated.<\/p>\n
Because prepubescent transgender children require no more physical change than a new hairstyle and clothes, the initial transition is completely reversible, Olson-Kennedy said.<\/p>\n
Of some 1,000 patients she has dealt with, only one switched back to the natal gender, and without any harm, she said.<\/p>\n
David Breland, who works with transgender adolescents as director of the Gender Clinic at Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, offers simple advice for parents: \u201cListen to the child.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cThey tell us who they are. We don\u2019t force anything on them,\u201d Breland said. \u201cBy affirming who they are, there\u2019s definitely better evidence that they do well mentally and physically. So, how could that be wrong?\u201d<\/p>\n
LONG-TERM STUDY<\/p>\n
One long-term study under way by the University of Washington\u2019s TransYouth Project is attempting to establish the stability rates of transgender identity among youth and the correlation between family acceptance and well-being.<\/p>\n
Led by psychology professor Kristina Olson, the study aims to follow 350 transgender kids for 20 years, starting from the ages of 3 to 12.<\/p>\n
So far, her team\u2019s research has found that transgender children who transition at a young age do remarkably well as long as the family is supportive. Transgender children aged 3 to 12 who live as the other gender have shown levels of depression equal to a control group of cisgender children, and the transgender group had only minimally more anxiety.<\/p>\n
Moreover, observation of a group of 5- to 12-year-olds who were allowed to transition found that they tended to be clear about their gender identity and maintained it as deeply held. A third look at 9- to 14-year-olds concluded that \u201cWe found remarkably good mental health outcomes in socially transitioned children.\u201d The long-term study continues, but Olson\u2019s team has published these initial findings in research papers.<\/p>\n
DeShanna Neal, a mother of four from Delaware, can attest to the benefits of embracing her young child\u2019s transgender identity.<\/p>\n
Her child Trinity, now 13, was determined to be a boy at birth but began identifying as female by age 3. By 4, Trinity was living as a girl at home, but when she started school she went dressed as a boy.<\/p>\n
Still, she identified as a girl at school, troubling her teachers and leading to stress for Trinity. A school psychologist determined she suffered from depression.<\/p>\n
Neal found a therapist who told her and her husband to fully embrace Trinity\u2019s female identity. She said that the therapist also gave strikingly blunt advice.<\/p>\n
\u201cShe said, \u2018Your daughter already knows who she is. Now you have to decide. Do you want a happy little girl or a dead little boy?’\u201d<\/p>\n
They went straight from the therapist to the store to buy Trinity a dress and pink pajamas, and they noticed an immediate change. Their depressed child became happy.<\/p>\n
\u201cShe saw her dress and she put it on immediately. And she would not take it off,\u201d Neal said. \u201cWe never swayed in our love and support for her.\u201d<\/p>\n
(Reporting by Daniel Trotta; Editing by Frances Kerry)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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