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Bob Wilbur and Giordano Jacuzzi, co-authors of the study, watch a Growler jet land on Whidbey Island. Credit: Kiyomi Taguchi/UW News Bob Wilbur thought he’d found a retirement home that would be a place of peace. Nestled against Admiralty Bay on the western edge of Whidbey Island, the three-story house is surrounded by trees and shoreline. It offers the kind of quiet that only an island can provide. Except when the Growlers fly. As often as four days a week, Boeing EA-18G Growler electronic attack aircraft based at the nearby Read More
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The abuse of people with a learning disability and autistic people sadly features in several health and care services across the years. Researchers have consistently reported that people with a learning disability and autistic people are more at risk of abuse than other groups, especially when living in residential services (as compared to older people more generally, or those people with mental health needs). In England, care homes and supported living providers who provide personal care must be registered, meet set standards, and are inspected by the regulator, the Care Read More
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In a new study published in Health Promotion Journal of Australia, La Trobe University researchers found large support for a browser plug-in that blocks online alcohol-related imagery to prevent young people being influenced to start drinking alcohol or drinking to excess. Lead researcher from La Trobe’s Center for Alcohol Policy Research, Maree Patsouras, said depictions of alcohol were common online, and there was a clear relationship between alcohol exposure and alcohol use. “A large portion of the people we interviewed in this study believed that viewing online alcohol imagery could Read More
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Colorectal cancer incidence has steadily increased among younger people in the U.S. over the last two decades, with the youngest seeing the most dramatic jumps, according to a study scheduled for presentation at Digestive Disease Week (DDW) 2024. Between 1999 and 2020, the rate of colorectal cancers grew 500% among children ages 10 to 14, 333% among teens aged 15 to 19, and 185% among young adults ages 20 to 24, researchers said. “Colorectal cancer is no longer considered just a disease of the elderly population,” said lead researcher Islam Read More
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A new weight-loss treatment could be on the horizon with an innovative endoscopic procedure that ablates (burns) the stomach lining to reduce production of ghrelin, a hormone that triggers hunger, resulting in decreased appetite and significant weight loss, according to a first-in-human trial to be presented at Digestive Disease Week (DDW) 2024. The six-month trial involving 10 female patients with obesity resulted in a 7.7% loss of body weight and a reduction of more than 40% in fasting ghrelin levels. Patients reported through validated questionnaires that their hunger was diminished Read More
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Cyberknife. Credit: The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust Radiotherapy can be used alongside hormone treatment, delaying the need for chemotherapy and therefore significantly protecting their quality of life for some patients with advanced prostate cancer, according to researchers from The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, London. Findings from the TRAP (targeting hormone resistant metastases with radiotherapy) study were presented at The European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) annual congress. Treating cancer that has spread The Phase II trial is the first prospective trial Read More
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The appendix, once dismissed as an unnecessary human organ, has more recently been shown to play a role in the immune system. However, we lack a clear understanding of how its removal to treat appendicitis affects long-term human health. A new study from researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, a founding member of the Mass General Brigham health care system, found that an appendectomy—a surgical procedure to remove the appendix—was linked with a reduced risk of a certain type of colorectal cancer, characterized by the presence of a likely tumor-promoting Read More
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A new assessment tool that leverages powerful artificial intelligence was able to predict whether participants exhibited suicidal thoughts and behaviors using a quick and simple combination of variables. Developed by researchers at Northwestern University, the University of Cincinnati (UC), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard School of Medicine, the system focuses on a simple picture-ranking task along with a small set of contextual/demographic variables rather than extensive psychological data. The tool was on average 92% effective at predicting four variables related to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The work Read More
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In November 2017, days after her daughter Mallory Smith died from a drug-resistant infection at the age of 25, Diane Shader Smith typed a password into Mallory’s laptop. Her daughter gave it to her before undergoing double-lung transplant surgery, with instructions to share any writing that could help others if she didn’t survive. The transplant was successful, but Burkholderia cepacia—an antibiotic-resistant bacterial strain that first colonized her system when she was 12—took hold. After a lifetime with cystic fibrosis, and 13 years battling an unconquerable infection, Mallory’s body could take Read More
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As COVID-19 swept over Phoebe Putney Health System and Southwest Georgia in the first days of the pandemic, residents and public health officials were desperate to know what patients had and how far it was spreading. The Albany, Georgia-based outbreak turned out to be one of the four largest in the world in terms of the percentage of the population infected, along with Wuhan, New York and Northern Italy, and it was only the beginning. Four years later, a warning system exists, but a big part of it is being Read More
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Researchers developed a potential new treatment for alopecia areata, an autoimmune disorder that causes hair loss. The new microneedle patch delivers immune-regulating molecules that can teach T cells not to attack hair follicles, helping hair regrow. Pictured is an up-close view of the microneedles. Credit: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Researchers at MIT, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School have developed a potential new treatment for alopecia areata, an autoimmune disorder that causes hair loss and affects people of all ages, including children. For most patients with this type Read More
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Eph/ephrin and EphA4-Fc structure. The EphA and EphB receptors have a conserved domain structure. The ephrin-A ligands are attached to the cell membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The ephrin-B ligands are transmembrane proteins. The EphA4-Fc fusion protein combines the ectodomain of EphA4 with the Fc domain of IgG. EphA4 binds promiscuously to multiple ephrin-As and Bs (88); therefore, EphA4-Fc is a pan-ephrin blocker with high affinity for ephrin-A1. Credit: Science Translational Medicine (2024). DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg5768 A new drug could prevent sepsis-related organ failure and death by restoring the health of Read More
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Graphical abstract. Credit: Cell Host & Microbe (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.006 A team led by the Duke Human Vaccine Institute (DHVI) has developed a vaccine approach that works like a GPS, guiding the immune system through the specific steps to make broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV. Publishing in the journal Cell Host & Microbe, the study describes an approach that provides step-by-step directions for the immune system to generate the elusive, yet necessary antibodies for a successful HIV vaccine. “HIV is the fastest-evolving virus known. So it’s been a long-standing goal Read More
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Graphic model of the mechanisms underlying blocking CD300A enhances the anti-tumor function of NK cells. Credit: Cancer Biology & Medicine (2024). DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0341 Cancer has a profound impact on human life, and immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has made remarkable strides in cancer treatment. However, ICT faces challenges such as low overall response rates and the emergence of immune-related adverse events. To overcome these hurdles, researchers are exploring new immune checkpoints. CD300A, a type-I transmembrane protein with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, emerges as a potential immune checkpoint, negatively regulating NK cell Read More
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Fluorescence image of astrocytes and their processes in the hippocampus (yellow), with co-staining of cell bodies (blue). Credit: Peter Rupprecht Neurons are known to communicate and integrate information they receive from their dendrites, branch-like structures extending from their body. In contrast, the activity in astrocytes, a class of star-shaped glial cells found in the central nervous system (CNS), has so far been assumed to be largely uncoordinated, thus lacking the central integration of information. Researchers at University of Zurich and ETH Zurich recently gathered evidence suggesting that this widespread description Read More
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Standard of care treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is safe and effective for adults over 80, according to a study published in Blood Neoplasia. For roughly a quarter of patients, this treatment can durably prolong survival. AML is an aggressive and often deadly form of blood cancer that can be difficult to treat. For older adults with AML, the conventional treatment consists of a medication called venetoclax combined with a hypomethylating agent (HMA), also known as VEN-HMA. AML treatment is often intensive and can significantly suppress the immune system Read More
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a Schema of chemogenetic modulation. Injection of AAV-CaMKII?-hM4Di-mCherry into the Grin2bC456Y/+ ACC (5 weeks) was followed by CNO/DMSO treatment and fMRI measurements of brain regional activities (15.2 Tesla) induced by whisker stimulation of mice at 2–3 months. b Group fMRI maps in Grin2bC456Y/+ and WT brains before/after CNO treatment (pre/post-CNO). Credit: Molecular Psychiatry (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02572-y A research team led by Director Kim Eunjoon of the Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions and Director Kim Seong-Gi of the Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) has Read More
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Researchers at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine assembled a multidisciplinary team and recently published a “Personal View” paper exploring the unique challenges of providing timely, effective care in developing Caribbean states impacted “first and worst” by climate hazards and rising cancer rates. The group featured five Caribbean authors, including Sylvester Ph.D. student, Lashae Rolle. The findings are published in The Lancet Oncology. “Our author team brings together a compilation of wisdom from leading Caribbean cancer specialists, researchers and climate activists, alongside U.S.-based Read More
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Freshly dissected tissue (lower left) and its pathology-prepared slide with identified tumor regions by a pathologist (upper left), and a pseudo-color image of hyperspectral dark-field microscopy (HSDFM) data cube (middle) region marked on the tissue images on the left. The HSDFM generates an image where each pixel contains a spectral signature corresponding to tissue composition. The image on the right shows the tumor regions by a supervised method (pink) and by an unsupervised technique (grayscale) overlaid. Credit: Jeeseong Hwang, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Breast-conserving surgery (BCS), also called Read More
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People with limited English proficiency have a worse experience with virtual health care visits than those who are proficient in English, according to a new study led by a team of investigators at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. The study highlights the importance of designing telehealth platforms and processes that better serve people who face day-to-day language barriers. The study, published in JAMA Network Open, analyzed results of the 2021 California Health Interview Survey of 24,453 patients, 9% of whom identified as having limited English proficiency. The survey was conducted in Read More
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Tripath (far right), which utilizes 3D deep learning and the whole tissue volume, is able to outperform the current clinical baseline (far left) and 2D deep learning baselines (middle) on cancer recurrence risk prediction task. Credit: Andrew H. Song, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Human tissue is intricate, complex and, of course, three dimensional. But the thin slices of tissue that pathologists most often use to diagnose disease are two dimensional, offering only a limited glimpse at the tissue’s true complexity. There is a growing push in the field of pathology Read More
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Confocal microscopy fluorescent images of a human omental adipose tissue section (visceral fat), depicting the mesothelial cell layer surrounding lobules of adipocytes. In the image, adipocytes are visualized using a staining against perilipin 1 (PLIN1, in yellow), while mesothelial cells are stained using TM4SF1 (green) and MSLN (pink). DAPI staining was used to visualize cellular nuclei (cyan). Credit to:. Credit: Radiana Ferrero and Julie Russeil (EPFL) Understanding how fat tissue forms and functions is crucial for addressing obesity and related metabolic diseases. However, adipose tissue, or body fat, behaves differently Read More
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Scientists from Trinity College Dublin have made an important breakthrough that offers promise for developing new immune therapies for cancer. They have discovered that a vaccine adjuvant called C100 promotes potent anti-tumor immunity when it is injected directly into tumors in an animal model. The scientists found that C100, derived from chitin—one of the most common building materials in nature, and which gives strength to the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects, and the cell walls of fungi—is highly effective at stimulating a key sensing and signaling molecule which regulates anti-tumor immune Read More
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Deaths averted, years of life saved, and years of full health gained due to vaccination. Credit: The Lancet (2024). DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00850-X An international team of health and medical researchers including workers at the WHO, working with economists and modeling specialists, has found that the use of vaccines to prevent or treat disease has saved the lives of approximately 154 million people over the past half-century. In their study, published in The Lancet, the group used mathematical and statistical modeling to develop estimates for lives saved due to vaccines and then Read More
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NGF establishes an immune-excluded TME in melanoma. Credit: Nature Immunology (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01723-7 An international study led by Dr. Li Qi-Jing from the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) has revealed a mechanism by which melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, evades the immune system. Melanoma is notoriously difficult to treat in its advanced stages. Despite some treatments that have improved outcomes, a category of melanomas remains “cold,” meaning they are unresponsive to current therapies. The findings, recently published in the Nature Immunology, demonstrate that human melanomas Read More
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Stimuli and procedure. (A) Examples of the stimuli. Top: original; bottom: shuffled. (B) The flow of the shuffling process. The patch size shrank in a step-by-step manner from 64 × 64 to 1 × 1 pixels. In the binary images of the two middle steps, the white regions indicate remaining pixels for further shuffling. (C) The sequence of one trial of the experiment. Note that the ratio of the screen to the fixation point and the stimulus in this panel differs from the actual ratio used in this study. Credit: Vision Research (2024). DOI: Read More
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Patients perceive relationships formed in group telehealth sessions as surprisingly good, if not better than those in traditional in-person consultations, Monash University-led research has found. Published in BMJ Quality and Safety, the study found that therapeutic relationships were developed with a perceived positive impact on treatment engagement and patient outcomes. Clinicians generally believed they needed to find a balance between building relationships and the faithful delivery of telehealth treatments. The qualitative study interviewed 25 participants (18 patients with shoulder pain and 7 clinicians) about developing therapeutic relationships in group telehealth Read More
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When the Arizona Supreme Court ruled on April 9, 2024, that the state’s Civil War-era law banning nearly all abortions was enforceable, it brought into stark reality the potential impacts of leaving reproductive rights up to the states to regulate, and the related consequences for women’s health. The ruling, set to go into effect in late June 2024, will only remain active for a few months because Arizona lawmakers repealed the law on April 30. Starting in the fall, a previous state law banning abortion after 15 weeks will be Read More
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The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine was a critical part of the COVID-19 pandemic response. However, on May 7, 2024, the European Commission announced the vaccine is no longer authorized for use. This EU announcement was preceded by an application from AstraZeneca on March 27, 2024, to withdraw the EU marketing authorization. This development has been covered in various media outlets as primarily related to the known “adverse events,” namely a very small risk of blood clots. However, other factors are far more likely to be driving this decision. The first AstraZeneca vaccine Read More
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Parenting makes the heart grow fonder, and the brain grow … smaller? Several studies have revealed that the brain loses volume across the transition to parenthood. But researchers like me are still figuring out what these changes mean for parents. In a new study that looked at brain change in first-time fathers, my colleagues and I found that brain volume loss was linked with more engagement in parenting but also more sleep problems and mental health symptoms. These results might point to a cost of caregiving, traditionally shouldered by women Read More
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Credit: Leah Newhouse from Pexels Drug overdoses are a leading cause of maternal mortality in the United States, which has the highest maternal mortality rate of all high-income nations. And despite this convergence of the maternal mortality and overdose crises, substance use during pregnancy has traditionally only been tracked during the hospital visits when babies are delivered. In a new study, published in the June edition of Annals of Epidemiology, researchers at Emory University’s Rollins School of Public Health found the traditional measurements greatly underestimate the true impact of substance Read More
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Mothers have described feeling “empowered” and “respected” during their labor and birth at a small rural hospital in Victoria’s Goldfields region that has adopted a midwifery continuity of caregiver model, labeled as “gold standard” by La Trobe University experts. This is amid a decline of more than 200 birthing suites across rural and remote locations over the past two decades, with estimates that only 19% of Australia’s population has access to this continuity of caregiver model known as Midwifery Group Practice (MGP). The MGP model provides personalized support and enables Read More
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Investigators at the UCLA Health Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center have pinpointed a combination immunotherapy treatment that enhances the immune response for people with malignant gliomas, an aggressive type of brain tumor that is fast growing and difficult to treat. The study, published in Nature Communications, found that pairing a personalized dendritic cell vaccine with the immune-boosting substance poly-ICLC enhances the immune response and activity of T cells in patients with malignant glioma, and improves the dendritic cells’ ability to fight the brain tumor more effectively than the vaccine alone. “Treating Read More
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Mouse liver cells from mouse-rat chimeras had mature function and could relieve chronic liver fibrosis after transplantation as well as normal mouse liver cells by the decreased number of apoptotic cells and the reduction of collagen deposition. Credit: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Liver disease, due to viral infections, alcohol abuse, obesity, or cancer, accounts for one in every 25 deaths worldwide. A liver transplant can be life saving for people with end-stage liver disease. However, the procedure has limitations related to donor shortage, a technically challenging and invasive surgical Read More
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a Nf1OPG mice undergo optic nerve crush (ON-CR) at 6 weeks of age, while optic nerves are analyzed at 12 weeks of age. Nf1OPG mice following ON-CR have increased b optic nerve volumes and exhibit increased c proliferation , d %Olig2+ cells and e %Blbp+ cells f 12-week-old Nf1f/R1809C; hGFAP-Cre mice following optic nerve crush at 6 weeks of age exhibit increased g optic nerve volumes h proliferation i %Olig2+ cells and j %Blbp+ cells compared to those undergoing a sham operation. Credit: Acta Neuropathologica Communications (2024). DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01735-w A Read More
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Participants in 4T Study 1 had lower LOESS based means compared to those in the Pilot 4T Study and the historical cohort. HbA1c trajectories in the first 12?months of diabetes diagnosis in the historical, Pilot 4T and 4T Study 1 cohorts. Mean HbA1c was higher in the Pilot 4T and 4T Study 1 cohorts. Young people in the 4T Study 1 cohort had the lowest nadir 4?months after diabetes diagnosis and remained on a lower HbA1c trajectory throughout the first year of diabetes diagnosis. Credit: Nature Medicine (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02975-y Read More
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A high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs of a patient with a fatal case of MDA5-autoimmunity and Interstitial Pneumonitis Contemporaneous with the COVID-19 Pandemic (MIP-C). Credit: Gabriele De Marco, Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Pradipta Ghosh, M.D., sat down in her office at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine and considered a request from the other side of the world. Ghosh, a professor in the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine at UC San Diego School of Medicine, received an email Read More
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Overall survival (OS) of different donor-recipient match patterns based on sex after PSM. OS of different transplant patterns based on sex. M–M, male donor transplant to male recipient; F–F, female donor transplant to female recipient; M–F, male donor transplant to female recipient; F–M, female donor transplant to male recipient. Credit: Cancer Biology & Medicine (2024). DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0453 Liver transplantation is a life-saving option for those with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent type of liver cancer. Although often successful, outcomes can vary widely among recipients. A key variable drawing increasing Read More
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The brain slices of three pigs were analyzed for immunotherapy delivery. The gray photos show the slices before treatment. The corresponding slices in blue show the right regions treated with ultrasound (FUS+) had higher amounts of the fluorescent-dye labeled immunotherapy drug (in light blue/green) compared with the untreated left regions (FUS-). Credit: Hong Chen, Ph.D., associate professor at Washington University in St. Louis Malignant primary brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer deaths among children and young adults with few therapeutic options. Treatments are limited by the blood–brain barrier, Read More
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In the short term, bariatric surgery is associated with a greater risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE), but in the long-term, it is associated with lower risk, according to a study published online April 30 in Obesity Surgery. Laura B. Harrington, Ph.D., M.P.H., from Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute in Seattle, and colleagues evaluated the association between bariatric surgery and long-term VTE risk. The analysis included 30,171 adults with body mass index??35 kg/m2 who underwent bariatric surgery (January 2005 to September 2015) and 218,961 matched nonsurgical patients. The researchers found Read More
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A simple oral rinse could provide early detection of gastric cancer, the fourth-leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, according to a study scheduled for presentation at Digestive Disease Week (DDW) 2024. “In the cancer world, if you find patients after they’ve developed cancer, it’s a little too late,” said Shruthi Reddy Perati, MD, author and general surgery resident at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine. “The ideal time to try to prevent cancer is when it’s just about to turn into cancer. We were able to identify people who Read More
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Higher consumption of most ultra-processed foods is linked to a slightly higher risk of death, with ready-to-eat meat, poultry, and seafood based products, sugary drinks, dairy based desserts, and highly processed breakfast foods showing the strongest associations, finds a 30-year US study in The BMJ today. The researchers say not all ultra-processed food products should be universally restricted, but that their findings “provide support for limiting consumption of certain types of ultra-processed food for long term health.” Ultra-processed foods include packaged baked goods and snacks, fizzy drinks, sugary cereals, and Read More
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Getting children to speak the truth can be a struggle at times. While a lie, when discovered, is often followed by a punishment, there’s a more effective way to prevent future fibbing, says new Brock-led research. “Previous studies have found punishing lie-telling actually increases this behavior because children are afraid of getting in trouble,” says Brock Professor of Psychology Angela Evans, lead author of the article, “Encouraging Honesty: Developmental Differences in the Influence of Honesty Promotion Techniques” published in Developmental Psychology. A combination of techniques that encourage and praise truth-telling Read More
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Nine of 10 American adults are in the early, middle or late stages of a syndrome that leads to heart disease, a new report finds, and almost 10% have the disease already. “Poor cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic health is widespread among the U.S. population,” concludes a team led by Dr. Muthiah Vaduganathan of Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston. Researchers looked specifically at rates of what the American Heart Association has dubbed cardiovascular, kidney and metabolic (CKM) syndrome—interrelated factors that progress with time and, if left Read More
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Credit: Sasha Wolff/Wikipedia Migraine is a neurologic disorder. The severe pain of migraine typically is on one side of the head but may be on both sides. Symptoms also may include nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound, difficulty speaking, or visual disturbances known as aura with flashes of light or blind spots. Attacks may last hours or days, and they can make work, school or other daily activities difficult. Migraine is common, especially in women. It’s also hereditary. Migraine attacks can be triggered by multiple causes, from weather to Read More
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Parents striving to be “perfect” will never attain that goal, and the aim isn’t even healthy for their families, a new study says. The risks of striving for perfection are such that researchers have now created a scale to help parents track their burnout and, if necessary, counter it. The first-of-its-kind, Working Parent Burnout Scale is a 10-point survey that helps parents measure their stress and fatigue in real time, researchers say. “If maybe you’re prioritizing making sure your house is spotless all the time, but then you don’t feel Read More
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When people are ill, they feel less empathy for others than when they are healthy. This has been confirmed by a study conducted by Ruhr University Bochum and the University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany. The researchers investigated “sickness behavior,” a process in which the body reorganizes its biological priorities in the context of an acute infection. So far, it has mainly been researched in connection with social withdrawal and feelings of social disconnection. But how does illness affect our empathy? The current study sheds new light on the links between infections Read More
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South Carolina received a poor report card from the March of Dimes in 2023 because more of its mothers die due to pregnancy-related complications or childbirth than the national average. For every 100,000 births, there are 32.7 maternal deaths in South Carolina, versus 23.5 that occur in the nation. Rates may be higher in part because of disorders related to high blood pressure during pregnancy, or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), which disproportionately affect the state’s older mothers and mothers of racial and ethnic minority groups. HDP is known for Read More
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Some 27% of Brazilian children and adolescents suffer from musculoskeletal pain of unspecified cause, according to a study reported in the Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy. The problem is frequently underestimated by parents and health professionals, the authors of the article note, and an understanding of its true extent will contribute to better planning of public health policy regarding treatment of chronic pain in adults, the leading cause of disability in the world. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health estimates that more than 35% of over-fifties suffer from chronic pain. Read More
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Small, simple forms of social connection—such as a conversation with a friend, or even just looking forward to one—can lessen the negative feelings and thoughts that come with being socially excluded, according to a new study by Cornell researchers. “Maybe someone doesn’t smile at you, or maybe somebody doesn’t include you in an email chain. We were interested in how interventions involving friends and strangers before the experience might buffer and help people react less strongly to minor but common forms of social exclusion, and promote recovery afterward so they Read More
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A new review has found that taking zinc may help to reduce the duration of common cold symptoms by about two days, but the evidence is not conclusive and potential benefits must be balanced against side effects. The article is published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Since the 1980s, zinc products have been marketed as treatments for the common cold and are particularly popular in the U.S. Zinc is an essential mineral naturally found in many foods and plays a role in immune function. Most people in high-income Read More
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Experimental paradigm. (a) Experiment 1 procedure overview. (b) Experiment 2 procedure overview. (c) Schematic illustration of the experimental manipulation. Credit: Scientific Reports (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58697-1 A neurocognitive study by researchers at the Institute of Psychology at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (HU) shows that negative knowledge about an artist influences the perception of the artwork, regardless of the artist’s level of fame. Can we separate art from the artist? History is littered with examples of famous artists who have fallen into disrepute due to controversial statements, beliefs or actions. How does this Read More
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A team of nutritionists and medical researchers at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health has found evidence that daily consumption of olive oil may reduce the chances of developing dementia. In their study, published in the journal JAMA Network Open, the group analyzed data for thousands of people included in two separate health databases and found that those people who consumed at least 7 g of olive oil daily were less likely to die from dementia-related ailments. Prior research has suggested that following the Mediterranean diet can lead Read More
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Credit: Karolina Grabowska from Pexels If you didn’t have food allergies as a child, is it possible to develop them as an adult? The short answer is yes. But the reasons why are much more complicated. Preschoolers are about four times more likely to have a food allergy than adults and are more likely to grow out of it as they get older. It’s hard to get accurate figures on adult food allergy prevalence. The Australian National Allergy Council reports one in 50 adults have food allergies. But a US Read More
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Periodic heat waves-induced neuronal etiology in the elderly is mediated by gut-liver-brain axis: a transcriptome profiling approach. Credit: Scientific Reports (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60664-9 Researchers from the University of California, Irvine have found evidence of the molecular causes of the damaging impact heat stress causes on the gut, liver and brain in the elderly. These findings point to the potential of developing precise prognostic and therapeutic interventions. These organs have a complex and multidirectional communication system that touches everything from our gastrointestinal tract to the nervous system. Whether it is our Read More
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Image on the left shows inflammation caused by activated ILC2s in the lungs while image on the right shows inflammation reduced by treatment with iron chelator Deferiprone. Credit: 2024 Hurrell et al. New USC research shows that iron serves as a gas pedal driving certain immune cells that cause inflammation in the lungs during an allergic asthma attack—and blocking or limiting iron may reduce the severity of symptoms. During an attack, immune cells known as group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) can become overactive, causing excessive inflammation and a tightening Read More
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Kids are very likely to make the acquaintance of a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at some point, whether they know it or not. An estimated 95% of children with disabilities enroll in regular schools, experts say. “Given the rates of autism diagnosis and our ability to identify it, most kids will meet an autistic child at some point during their school-aged years,” Dr. Taryn Liu, a pediatric neurologist at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, said in a news release. Given that, parents should be prepared to help their kids Read More
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A gene previously linked to intellectual disability has been found to regulate learning and memory in mice. The gene, called KDM5B has previously been linked to some intellectual disability disorders and autism. In the general population, some variants are also associated with reduced brain function, although not sufficient to cause an overt disability or behavioral symptoms. Now, researchers at King’s College London, the University of Exeter and the University of California Irvine have found that reduced function of the gene in the brain results in loss of learning ability and Read More
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(a) PET amyloid (18F-Flutemetamol) and (b) tau (18F-PI2620) accumulation in AD meta-ROI and select AD-sensitive ROIs in young adults with Y-DM (T1D n = 5; T2D n = 1) and age-similar controls (n = 5). No statistically significant differences were found between groups. IT = inferior temporal; MTP = middle temporal pole; MT = middle temporal; Fusi = fusiform gyrus; Parahhip = parahippocampal gyrus; Hipp = hippocampal gyrus. Credit: Endocrines (2024). DOI: 10.3390/endocrines5020014 Young people with diabetes may have a significantly higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease later in life, Read More
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Association Between Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) and Tau–Positron Emission Tomography (PET) With Corticolimbic Tangle Distribution. Credit: JAMA Neurology (2024). DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.0784 Mayo Clinic researchers have discovered a series of brain changes characterized by unique clinical features and immune cell behaviors using a new corticolimbic index tool for Alzheimer’s disease, a leading cause of dementia. Their findings are published in JAMA Neurology. The tool categorizes Alzheimer’s disease cases into three subtypes according to the location of brain changes and continues the team’s prior work, demonstrating how these changes impact people Read More
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Credit: Lynn Greyling/public domain When you think about obesity, you may not connect it to cancer. However, researchers long have suspected a link between certain cancers and weight. Among those are endometrial, ovarian, colon, liver, pancreatic and postmenopausal breast cancers, which together contribute to 15 to 20% of all cancer deaths in the U.S. More than one-third of adults in the U.S. are considered obese with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher. BMI is the measure of body fat of body fat based on weight and height. Read More
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The most socially vulnerable counties are less likely to have any cancer clinical trial, according to a research letter published online May 7 in JAMA Network Open. Rishi Robert Sekar, M.D., from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and colleagues examined the association between county-level social determinants of health (SDOH) and cancer clinical trial availability in the United States. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of county-level trial availability and SDOH were performed. The study included 3,142 counties with a mean Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) of 0.50 and median population of Read More
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Children who experience chronic lack of sleep from infancy may be at increased risk of developing psychosis in early adulthood, new research shows. Researchers at the University of Birmingham examined information on nighttime sleep duration from a large cohort study of children aged between 6 months and 7 years old. They found that children who persistently slept fewer hours, throughout this time period, were more than twice as likely to develop a psychotic disorder in early adulthood, and nearly four times as likely to have a psychotic episode. While previous Read More
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Many medical organizations have been recommending lung cancer screening for decades for those at high risk of developing the disease. But in 2022, less than 6% of people in the U.S. eligible for screening actually got screened. Compared with other common cancer screenings, lung cancer screening rates fall terribly behind. For comparison, the screening rate in 2021 for colon cancer was 72%, and the rate for breast cancer was 76%. Why are lung cancer screening rates so poor? I am a pulmonologist who specializes in screening and diagnosing lung cancer. Read More
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Dr. Aaron Potretzke performing a kidney stone surgery. Credit: Mayo Clinic Most small kidney stones can pass on their own. However, kidney stones that are too large to pass on their own or cause bleeding, kidney damage or ongoing urinary tract infections may require surgical treatment. In this Mayo Clinic Minute, Dr. Aaron Potretzke, a Mayo Clinic urologist, explains some of the different surgical options for removing kidney stones. “Over the last several years, we have worked increasingly to make surgery even less invasive,” says Dr. Potretzke. He performs hundreds Read More
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The virus behind COVID has mutated again, this time producing variants nicknamed FLiRT, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported. The variants are appearing in wastewater sampling, the CDC said, and case monitoring suggests that between April 14 and April 27, one FLiRT variant called KP.2 made up about a quarter of new COVID-19 cases. That puts KP.2 ahead of the prior dominant strain, the JN.1 variant, which now makes up about 22% of cases, according to the CDC. Speaking to WebMD, Dr. Megan Ranney, dean Read More
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Trifarotene plus skin care is beneficial for patients with moderate acne vulgaris (AV) and acne-induced hyperpigmentation (AIH), according to a study published online April 29 in the International Journal of Dermatology. Andrew Alexis, M.D., M.P.H., from Weill Cornell Medical College in New York City, and colleagues conducted a phase IV, double-blind, parallel-group study of patients aged 13 to 35 years with moderate AV and AIH who were treated with trifarotene or vehicle (63 and 60 patients, respectively), plus a skin care regimen of moisturizer, cleanser, and sunscreen for 24 weeks. Read More
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Using cannabis on a regular basis may be significantly more dangerous for adolescents than adults, with adolescents showing higher levels of cannabis use disorder and reporting greater negative impacts on daily functioning than adults, in a new study led by the University of Bath in the UK. The study, published in the European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, is a collaboration between the University of Bath, Kings College London and University College London. It’s the first to show that the quantity and strength of cannabis consumed does not account Read More
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A Midwestern candy company has issued a massive recall due to the risk of salmonella tainting some of its products. Palmer Candy Company of Sioux City, Iowa, is recalling “white coated confectionary items” because they could be contaminated with salmonella, the company announced this week. The products are sold in bags, pouches, tubs and other retail packaging. Brand names include Freshness Guaranteed, Palmer, Sweet Smiles, Snackin’ With The Crew, Casey’s, Sconza Chocolates, Favorite Day Bakery, Sunny Select, Urge!, and Kwik Trip Inc. The recalled candies and treats were distributed nationwide Read More
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James Walter uses a phone at home in the Queens borough of New York, on April 7, 2021. Sleep scientists long ago established that insufficient sleep is linked with poor health outcomes, anxiety, obesity and several other negative effects. The research is equally conclusive that smartphones are particularly disruptive to the circadian clock that regulates sleep and other hormones. Credit: AP Photo/Jessie Wardarski, File Like many of us, Jessica Peoples has heard the warnings about excessive screen time at night. Still, she estimates spending 30 to 60 minutes on her Read More
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What, and how, a baby is fed can weigh on a caregiver’s mind. Thankfully, a University of Otago-led study has found two popular, but somewhat controversial, methods appear to have little significant impact on infants’ appetite and weight. The study analyzed the diets of 625 7 to 10-month-old babies, evaluating appetite-related outcomes of baby food pouch use and baby-led weaning. Lead author Alice Cox, Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Medicine, says concern is frequently expressed about babies who consume baby food pouches being at risk of overfeeding, and those Read More
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Do dying patients have a “right to try” illegal drugs such as psilocybin and MDMA if they might alleviate end-of-life suffering from anxiety and depression? That question is now before one of the nation’s highest courts, with a Seattle-based palliative care physician appealing a U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration decision barring him from prescribing psilocybin to his late-stage cancer patients. Dr. Sunil Aggarwal says he has a right to prescribe psilocybin—the hallucinogenic compound in “magic mushrooms”—under state and federal “right to try” laws, which give terminal patients access to experimental drug Read More
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With little pomp, California launched two apps at the start of the year offering free behavioral health services to youths to help them cope with everything from living with anxiety to body acceptance. Through their phones, young people and some caregivers can meet BrightLife Kids and Soluna coaches, some who specialize in peer support or substance use disorders, for roughly 30-minute virtual counseling sessions that are best suited to those with more mild needs, typically those without a clinical diagnosis. The apps also feature self-directed activities, such as white noise Read More
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Pink eye is an inflammation of the lining of the eyelid and eyeball. The medical term for pink eye is conjunctivitis. The most noticeable symptom will be a pink or red irritated eye or eyes. Other symptoms can include: Itchiness in one or both eyes. A gritty feeling in one or both eyes. Discharge in one or both eyes. This can form a crust overnight that can prevent one or both eyes from opening the next morning. Watery eyes or tearing. Pink eye is most commonly caused by a virus, Read More
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by Manel Llado, IMBA – Institut für Molekulare Biotechnologie der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften GmbH Microscopic image of long-range axons connecting two brain organoids. Magnification shows fluorescence labeling of single axons. Credit: Catarina Martins-Costa/IMBA The brain resembles a road network: Like country roads, small connections link neighboring nerve cells, while, like highways, thick nerve bundles connect different regions of the brain. These thick, heavily used nerve bundles, which for example connect the left and right brain hemispheres or the brain’s front and back, have not been experimentally investigated thus far. Read More
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Research from recent graduate Brock Santi of the University of Hawai?i at Manoa John A. Burns School of Medicine (JABSOM) explored the link between COVID-19, insurance coverage, race, ethnicity and vaccination, shedding light on previously unexplored aspects of the pandemic’s impact in Hawai?i. The study was published in JAMA on May 1. The study found different times during the pandemic provided disparities with different groups. “We wanted to ensure that patients in the hospital, as soon as they were admitted for COVID-19, were receiving equal care,” explained Santi, who graduated Read More
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A tiny, flexible electronic device that wraps around the spinal cord could represent a new approach to the treatment of spinal injuries, which can cause profound disability and paralysis. Credit: University of Cambridge A tiny, flexible electronic device that wraps around the spinal cord could represent a new approach to the treatment of spinal injuries, which can cause profound disability and paralysis. A team of engineers, neuroscientists and surgeons from the University of Cambridge developed the devices and used them to record the nerve signals going back and forth between Read More
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The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) have released a new clinical guideline for effectively managing individuals diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The guideline reiterates the importance of collaborative decision-making with patients who have HCM and provides updated recommendations for the most effective treatment pathways for adult and pediatric patients. The 2024 AHA/ACC/AMSSM/HRS/PACES/SCMR Guideline for the Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is published simultaneously in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology and Circulation. HCM is an inherited cardiac condition most often caused by a Read More
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Researchers at the National Cancer Institute-designated Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center (MECCC) have shown that a breakthrough therapy for treating blood cancers can be adapted to treat solid tumors—an advance that could transform cancer treatment. The promising findings, reported in Science Advances, involve CAR-T cell therapy, which supercharges the immune system to identify and attack cancer cells. The paper is titled “TOP CAR with TMIGD2 as a safe and effective costimulatory domain in CAR cells treating human solid tumors.” “CAR-T cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of blood cancers such Read More
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For patients with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) compensated cirrhosis (CC), liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is significantly higher than acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) for those with varices, according to a study published online April 23 in Abdominal Radiology. Akash Roy, M.B.B.S., from Apollo Multispecialty Hospitals in Kolkata, India, and colleagues enrolled 108 patients with obesity and NAFLD-CC who underwent MRE and ARFI for LSM and endoscopy for varices screening. Area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curves were used for evaluating performance Read More
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Systemic antibiotic exposure in the first year of life is associated with higher atopic dermatitis (AD) risk in a dose-response fashion, according to a study published online April 24 in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Courtney Hoskinson, from the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, and colleagues examined the timing and specific factors mediating the relationship among systemic (oral or intravenous) antibiotic usage, the gut microbiome, and AD. The researchers found that systemic antibiotics during the first year of life, as compared with later, were associated with Read More
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Serotonergic neurons release serotonin when they sense high levels of glucose. This triggers the activation of the kisspeptin neurons, the primary stimulator for releasing reproductive hormones. Credit: Sho Nakamura Scientists from Nagoya University in Japan have clarified the relationship between energy levels and fertility in animals and humans. They identified signaling from serotonergic neurons as important for maintaining reproductive function by sensing glucose availability and subsequently enhancing the release of the reproductive hormone gonadotropin. Their findings also provide an explanation and possible treatment for the decreased fertility observed in people Read More
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A group of researchers at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine have led an investigation that offers new insight into the causes of spina bifida, the most common structural disorder of the human nervous system. Work of the group, led by Keng Ioi Vong, Ph.D., and Sangmoon Lee, M.D. Ph.D., both from the laboratory of Joseph G. Gleeson, M.D., at the UC San Diego School of Medicine Department of Neurosciences and the Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, reveals the first link between spina bifida and a Read More
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When breastfeeding mothers in a recent study used cannabis, its psychoactive component THC showed up in the milk they produced. The Washington State University-led research also found that, unlike alcohol, when THC was detected in milk there was no consistent time when its concentration peaked and started to decline. Importantly, the researchers discovered that the amount of THC they detected in milk was low—they estimated that infants received an average of 0.07 mg of THC per day. For comparison, a common low-dose edible contains 2 mg of THC. The research Read More
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An Inside Look at a Basement Gym with Air Quality Monitoring Instruments in the Study. Credit: Yele Sun A recent study led by Prof. Yele Sun from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences investigated the air quality in a basement gym. The study was published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters. “Thinking back to the pandemic, my colleagues and I made a point of hitting the gym in our institute’s basement more often,” Prof. Sun recalls. “[We] couldn’t help but wonder what the air quality would be Read More
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General population (GP) data can provide unique insights into common health conditions, new research looking at insomnia symptom prevalence in England has shown. The University of Bristol-led study, published in BMJ Open, also highlights the value of improving access to this data for future health research. The study aimed to explore how useful GP records are in measuring how many people experience insomnia symptoms. The researchers used data from the UK Biobank, a database which contains health, genetic and lifestyle information on around half a million participants. The research team Read More
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(from left) Dr Julian Alexander Härtel and Dr Nicole Müller from the Department of Paediatric Cardiology at the UKB, who jointly led the study, with study nurse and coordinator Ute Baur. Credit: M. Steinhauer, University Hospital Bonn (UKB) A long-haul flight or an overnight stay in the mountains: For many patients with a Fontan circulation (single-ventricle physiology), this was previously unimaginable, as there was insufficient medical research into how acute changes in altitude affect their cardiovascular system. A study conducted by the University Hospital Bonn (UKB) together with the German Read More
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In Asian countries, where high-salt foods are popular, the link between high salt consumption and stomach cancer has already been proven. A new long-term study by MedUni Vienna has now shown for the first time that this risk is also reflected in the cancer statistics in Europe. The analysis was recently published in the journal Gastric Cancer and shows that people who frequently add salt to their food are about 40% more likely to develop stomach cancer than those who do not use the salt shaker at the table. Data Read More
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Neuropathy, the nerve damage that causes pain and numbness in the feet and hands and can eventually lead to falls, infection and even amputation, is very common and underdiagnosed, according to a study published in the May 8, 2024, online issue of Neurology. “More than one-third of people with neuropathy experience sharp, prickling or shock-like pain, which increases their rates of depression and decreases quality of life,” said study author Melissa A. Elafros, MD, Ph.D., of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and a member of the American Academy Read More
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New data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) explores outcomes of mothers and their babies during the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study “Maternal and perinatal outcomes during the 2020 and 2021 COVID-19 pandemic” includes information on demographics, uptake of antenatal care, labor and birth trends, and baby outcomes based on the data from the National Perinatal Data Collection. Outcomes during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2020 and 2021 combined) were compared with what would have been expected based on Read More
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Chemographic representation of an “address” within the nECM surrounding the neuron and glial cells. The “address” is depicted as a electron-rich square capable of binding a metal cation and trapping a signaling molecule like a neurotransmitter (NT) or a gliotransmitter (GT) to create a metal-centered ternary complex that functions as a cognitive unit of information (cuinfo). This cuinfo serves as the fundamental unit of memory, including emotional memory, and represents the biochemical embodiment of the molecular unit of memory (MMM) concept introduced by Zeltzer et al., 2022. Credit: Marx and Read More
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Credit: Eating Behaviors (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101863 According to a recent meta-analysis conducted at the University of Eastern Finland, 1 in 4 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes aged 16 years and older also exhibit some kind of eating disorder symptoms. In addition to typical eating disorder symptoms, such as binge eating and food restriction, insulin-dependent diabetes is also associated with insulin omission, i.e., a unique form of disordered eating where insulin doses are intentionally restricted or skipped entirely due to fears of weight gain. “Intentional skipping or restriction of insulin doses will Read More
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Many parents ponder why one of their children seems more emotionally troubled than the others. A new study in the United Kingdom reveals a possible basis for those differences. Adolescents who view their households as more unstructured, disorganized, or hectic than their siblings do develop more mental health and behavioral problems in early adulthood, according to the study. The findings are published in Psychological Science. In research tracking thousands of twins born in the mid-1990s, Sophie von Stumm, a psychology professor at the University of York, found that teenagers who Read More
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Calibration plots and decision curves of the eFalls model on internal validation (in the model development data) and external validation, before and after recalibration. The pre-defined region of clinical interest (threshold probabilities between 10% and 25%) is highlighted on the decision curves. Credit: Age and Ageing (2024). DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae057 Patients’ risk of falling in the next 12 months could be predicted from their NHS data using a newly developed calculator. eFalls is a falls prediction model which uses routinely available primary care electronic health record data, the first of its Read More
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Proliferating cells in a tumour organoid of triple-negative breast cancer. Credit: Dr Rebecca Marlow, The Institute of Cancer Research, London Researchers at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, have increased our understanding of how a cancer drug called a PARP inhibitor stops working in women with breast cancer that has spread. This research could ultimately help predict who’s more likely to respond to these drugs, and could lead to more effective ways to treat the disease. PARP inhibitors are a type of targeted therapy that is used to treat breast Read More
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Researchers at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy have discovered that when a higher amount of a protein called AKAP12 is present inside the heart, it speeds up the work of an enzyme called PDE8A and can accelerate cardiac dysfunction. In the journal Circulation Research Bradley McConnell, a University of Houston professor of pharmacology, and Hanan Qasim, the first author of the study and a doctoral student while in the McConnell lab, reported that increased activity of AKAP12 in cardiac myocytes (the cells responsible for contraction of the heart) Read More
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The synergism of cytosolic acidosis and reduced NAD+/NADH ratio is responsible for lactic acidosis-induced vascular smooth muscle cell impairment in sepsis. Credit: Journal of Biomedical Science (2024). DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00992-6 A recent study by University Medicine Halle shows how sepsis can lead to dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells. The researchers found that elevated lactate levels and acidosis, which can occur acutely during sepsis due to metabolic derailment, only have a disrupting effect in synergistic combination. The study, published in the Journal of Biomedical Science, also provides a possible explanation for Read More
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Principles of clinical assessment and management of major depressive disorder. Credit: The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (2024). DOI: 10.1177/07067437241245384 Psychiatrists and mental health professionals have a new standard for managing major depression, thanks to refreshed clinical guidelines published today by the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT). The CANMAT guidelines are the most widely used clinical guidelines for depression in the world. The new version integrates the latest scientific evidence and advances in depression care since the previous guidelines were published in 2016. The update was led by Read More
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Despite the high prevalence of substance abuse and its often devastating outcomes, especially among disadvantaged populations, few Americans receive treatment for substance use disorders. However, the rise of mobile health technologies can make treatments more accessible. Researchers at the University of Oklahoma are creating and studying health interventions delivered via smartphones to make effective, evidence-based treatments available to those who cannot or don’t want to enter traditional in-person treatment. Michael Businelle, Ph.D., co-director of the TSET Health Promotion Center, a program of OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, recently published a Read More
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Credit: Neuron (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.002 In a study published in Neuron, researchers have identified four new genetic risk factors for multiple system atrophy (MSA), shedding light on this poorly understood disorder. The study, which involved collaboration from over 50 institutions worldwide, including the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), marks a significant step forward in the understanding of MSA. Led by Sonja W. Scholz, M.D., Ph.D., senior investigator and chief of the Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Section at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the project Read More