Researchers at the University of Twente and Radboudumc are developing a promising new model to enhance understanding of the human retina. They are developing a retina-on-a-chip, in which the three main layers of the retina will eventually be combined. The first two layers have now been successfully integrated, and work on the third is underway. This combination has not been achieved before. The goal is to better understand the causes of eye diseases and to test new treatments.
Why this model is needed
The retina is a complex part of the eye. It consists of different types of cells that only function well when they work together. “What we are developing in the lab contains all the relevant components of the human retina needed for proper eye function. We want to understand how it responds to diseases caused by age or by genetic factors. With this approach, animal testing is no longer necessary.”
How the chip works
The model is a microfluidic chip: tiny channels filled with fluid in which human cells can grow. Researcher Andries van der Meer, from the University of Twente, states, “We add structure to the cells so the model resembles the real retina. If this succeeds, we can test how the retina responds to light, pressure or medication. This allows us to study therapies that may slow or repair retinal damage.”
A unique approach
Combining individual cell types is not new, but bringing all retinal layers together in a controlled way is. With the chip model, researchers can precisely adjust conditions such as the amount of light or pressure. This makes it possible to follow changes in the retina step by step, similar to clinical practice. A prototype with the first two retinal layers—the choroid and the pigment epithelium—is now available.
Next steps
The researchers have a functioning prototype with the first two layers. The next major challenge is developing the third layer, the nerve layer. They are also working on reducing variation between models and scaling up production.
Although application in patients is still years away, the researchers see great potential. “Even under optimal conditions, developing new medicines takes five to 10 years,” van der Meer explains. “But for rare eye diseases, this technology could provide significant acceleration and new perspectives.”
Strong collaboration
The collaboration between the University of Twente and Radboudumc is essential. Radboudumc provides specialized stem cells and expertise on eye diseases. The University of Twente contributes knowledge in chip technology and bioengineering. “By combining our strengths, we can translate innovations from the lab to the clinic much faster,” says Garanto.
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