{"id":4934,"date":"2024-11-06T20:31:30","date_gmt":"2024-12-10T03:53:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/healthmedicinet.com\/review\/?p=4934"},"modified":"2024-12-10T03:53:21","modified_gmt":"2024-12-10T03:53:21","slug":"hmn-thyroid-eye-disease-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-in-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/healthmedicinet.com\/review\/hmn-thyroid-eye-disease-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-in-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"HMN: Thyroid eye disease: Causes, symptoms, and treatment in 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n<br \/>Do you know:  Thyroid eye disease: Causes, symptoms, and treatment in 2025<\/p>\n<p>\n                                    Learn the symptoms and the treatment options that can prevent long-term eye damage from this rare autoimmune condition                                <\/p>\n<div id=\"main-content\">\n<div id=\"post-intro\">\n<div id=\"takeaways\">\n<h2>Key takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a rare autoimmune condition often linked to Graves\u2019 disease or other thyroid conditions, causing inflammation and swelling around the eyes, leading to symptoms like eye pain, redness, and potentially permanent vision loss.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>TED has two main phases, active and stable, with the active phase marked by worsening symptoms and the stable phase characterized by diminished swelling but possibly persisting vision changes.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Risk factors for developing TED include genetic predisposition, lifestyle choices such as smoking and stress, and other thyroid conditions, with smoking cessation and stress reduction being key preventive measures.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Treatment options for TED include lifestyle changes, medications like corticosteroids and Tepezza (teprotumumab), and in severe cases, surgeries such as orbital decompression or eyelid repair to prevent long-term damage or vision loss.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"table-of-contents\">\n<div class=\"anchorLinks\">\n<div class=\"mobile-only\">\n<div class=\"dropdownLists\">\n<div class=\"dropdownBtn\"><span class=\"listsIcon\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/singlecare\/images\/union.svg\" width=\"14\" height=\"20\"\/><\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label><\/label><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"downArrow\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/singlecare\/images\/dropDownArrow.svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\"\/><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a rare autoimmune condition that causes <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">inflammation<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and swelling in the tissues surrounding the eyes. It can cause eye problems like painful, red, irritated, bulging eyes. Vision is often affected, and rarely, vision loss is permanent. The condition is usually associated with a thyroid condition called Graves\u2019 disease, but other thyroid conditions, like hypothyroidism or an underactive thyroid, may also be involved.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TED can negatively affect your quality of life and cause significant distress. The good news is that effective treatment options are available for thyroid eye disease, including medication, lifestyle changes, and surgery.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s take a look at thyroid eye disease: what it is, how to know if you have it, and what can be done to treat the symptoms.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-is-thyroid-eye-disease\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is thyroid eye disease?<\/span><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thyroid eye disease (TED) is sometimes referred to as Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy or Graves\u2019 orbitopathy. Although people with TED don\u2019t always have Graves\u2019 disease, it is strongly linked to this condition.<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.endocrine.org\/patient-engagement\/endocrine-library\/thyroid-eye-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ninety percent of people with TED also have Graves\u2019 disease<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or have had it at some point in their lives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TED is an <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">autoimmune disease<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, meaning that your immune system attacks the body, which results in inflammatory symptoms. TED is characterized by swelling of the tissues surrounding the eyes, including<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/17558-thyroid-eye-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">connective tissue, muscle tissue, and fat tissue<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Eyes become red, swollen, dry, itchy, and irritated.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are two main phases of TED:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/rarediseases.org\/rare-diseases\/thyroid-eye-disease\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the active and stable phase<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The active phase is characterized by progressive inflammation and irritation of the eyes, as well as vision changes. This phase can last anywhere from<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/rarediseases.org\/rare-diseases\/thyroid-eye-disease\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">six months to two years<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The stable phase comes next, and is characterized by an inactivation of the condition. Although swelling around the eyes diminishes, vision changes may persist in the stable phase of TED.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-causes-thyroid-eye-disease\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What causes thyroid eye disease?<\/span><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thyroid eye disease is often associated with Graves\u2019 disease, an autoimmune disease causing <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hyperthyroidism<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but not everyone with TED has Graves\u2019 disease. Still, the majority of people who have TED have Graves\u2019 disease, or another thyroid condition, such as an underactive thyroid due to a different autoimmune thyroid disorder called Hashimoto thyroiditis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIt is a common misconception that TED is caused by hyperthyroidism (an \u2018overactive\u2019 thyroid gland), most commonly Graves\u2019 Disease, even to the point where TED is sometimes called, Graves\u2019 Eye Disease,\u201d explains<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pacificneuroscienceinstitute.org\/people\/howard-krauss\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Howard Krauss<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, MD, surgical neuro-ophthalmologist and director of Pacific Neuroscience Institute\u2019s Eye, Ear and Skull Base Center. \u201cThe association of these two autoimmune diseases is so prevalent that it is more likely than not that having one of these conditions is predictive that the other is likely, although the two diseases may occur years apart.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Like Graves\u2019 disease, TED is an autoimmune disease. In the case of TED, the body mistakes the tissues near the eye as foreign bodies and attacks them. The mechanism that causes TED to develop isn\u2019t fully understood, but researchers believe that proteins in your eye tissue that are similar to proteins from your thyroid gland are mistakenly attacked by antibodies, causing inflammatory symptoms.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Besides the association with thyroid disorders like Graves\u2019 disease, TED is linked to other contributing risk factors. According to<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/ranjodh-s-boparai-md-8557601a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jovi Boparai<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, MD, an ophthalmic surgeon in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and cofounder of<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/mycorneacare.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CorneaCare,<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the most common risk factors for TED include a genetic propensity to develop the condition, as well as certain lifestyle choices.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Specific lifestyle factors that are most likely to trigger TED are smoking\u2014or exposure to secondhand smoke\u2014and stress. \u201cThe more a person smokes or the more a person experiences stress, the higher the risk for TED in the setting of Graves\u2019 disease,\u201d says Dr. Boparai. \u201cIn fact, both smoking and stress can serve as triggers to activate TED.\u201d Additionally, people undergoing radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism may experience TED as a side effect of treatment, according to Dr. Boparai, and this risk increases if they are smokers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cutting back on smoking and reducing your stress levels is an important preventive measure to take to reduce your chances of developing TED, especially if you have other known risk factors, such as Graves\u2019 disease, or you have a genetic predisposition (i.e., TED runs in your family).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"who-is-affected-by-thyroid-eye-disease\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Who is affected by thyroid eye disease?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thyroid eye disease is a rare condition, and most people will not develop it in their lifetime. Although the precise prevalence is unknown, it\u2019s estimated that the condition affects about<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2769018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">16 out of every 100,000 people, or 0.16%.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The same study found that the condition is more likely to affect women, with 22 out of every 100,000 women affected but only 7 out of every 100,0000 men. At the same time, the condition is known to affect men more severely than women.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The condition affects middle-aged people the most, with the condition most prominent among people aged 35-59. \u201cTED occurs most frequently in middle-age women with a personal family history of thyroid disease, but may occur at any age in any sex,\u201d Dr. Krauss says. \u201cAlthough all races, ethnicities, and nationalities are affected, there is a higher incidence in<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/media.jamanetwork.com\/news-item\/thyroid-disease-risk-varies-among-blacks-asians-and-whites\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blacks and Asians<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> than in other races.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additionally, TED is highest among people currently smoking as opposed to former smokers or people who have never smoked, highlighting the important role that smoking plays in the development of the condition.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"thyroid-eye-disease-symptoms\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thyroid eye disease symptoms<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TED causes inflammation of the eye tissues that can be uncomfortable, painful, and distressing. Vision changes are also common. Both eyes are usually affected, though you may only experience symptoms in one eye. Although symptoms vary from one individual to another, some of the most<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/17558-thyroid-eye-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">common symptoms of TED are<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Red eyes<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eye pain<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dry eyes<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A \u201cgritty feeling\u201d in the eye<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Double vision<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vision difficulties<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bulging eyes<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trouble fully closing your eyes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When you have an active case of TED, not only do you experience swelling around the eyes, but your eyeballs may look like they are bulging, a condition called proptosis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cAs patients experience fat and connective tissue enlargement, they may get proptosis, which is bulging of the eyes, where the eyes appear to \u2018pop out\u2019 of the eye sockets,\u201d Dr. Boparai explains. \u201cIndividuals may also experience eyelid retraction and lid lag.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TED may also cause dry eyes, Dr. Boparai says, because of overexposure of the cornea and conjunctiva, the membrane that covers the inside of the eye and inner eyelids. \u201cThe common symptoms of dry eyes include eye dryness, watery eyes, irritation, burning, and redness,\u201d he says. In severe cases, corneal ulcers are possible. Changes in the eye, such as enlargement of the eye muscles and eye movement malfunction may cause diplopia, or double vision, according to Dr. Boparai.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some people may wonder if TED is a contagious condition, but it\u2019s an autoimmune disorder and therefore not contagious. However, some people seem to develop psychosomatic responses to the condition, says Dr. Krauss. \u201cMany people have a psychological reaction to seeing another with a red or swollen eye such that they sense or fear an irritation of their own eyes, which, when followed by excessive touching or rubbing around one\u2019s own eyes may lead to redness, swelling, or irritation,\u201d he describes.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"thyroid-eye-disease-treatment\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thyroid eye disease treatment<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s important that you seek medical care if you notice any symptoms of TED. Treatment can slow down disease progression and ensure that you don\u2019t experience long-term damage. \u201cIn the absence of treatment, in most cases, there is worsening over months to a year, followed by stabilization, followed by improvement over several years,\u201d Dr. Krauss says. Treatment is especially important to prevent permanent damage to the eyes or loss of vision, he adds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are three main ways that TED is treated: through lifestyle changes\/natural remedies, over-the-counter and prescribed medications, and surgeries.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"lifestyle-changes\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lifestyle changes<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you are a smoker, the single most important thing you can do to address TED is to stop smoking or drastically reduce the number of cigarettes you smoke. \u201cFor reasons not yet known, smokers have a much more severe course of TED than non-smokers, such that smoking cessation is an essential part of the treatment of TED,\u201d says Dr. Krauss. Destressing is also important, as stress can be a contributing factor in deregulating the immune system and triggering autoimmune issues, Dr. Krauss explains.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Besides smoking and reducing stress in your life, other simple steps you can take to address your symptoms include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Applying cool compresses around your eyes<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using sunglasses or prism glasses (for double vision)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using an eye patch on one eye to address double vision<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sleeping with your eyelids taped shut, to reduce dry eye symptoms<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drinking aloe vera juice, which may help with inflammation<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"medications\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medications<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Certain over-the counter medications can help soothe some of your symptoms, such as\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lubricating <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">eye drops<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to reduce irritation and dryness. If your healthcare provider finds that you are deficient in selenium, a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">selenium supplement<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may help address your TED symptoms.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"prescription-medications\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prescription medications<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Boparai recommends systemic <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">corticosteroids<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, such as <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">prednisone<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u201cCorticosteroids can help decrease inflammation during the active phase of TED,\u201d he says. Additionally, you should ask your healthcare provider or endocrinologist about <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tepezza<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (teprotumumab). \u201cRecently, teprotumumab was approved by the FDA for TED and showed clinical improvement in decreasing signs and symptoms,\u201d Dr. Boparai explains.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"surgeries\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surgeries<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In most cases, lifestyle changes and medications are enough to manage your TED symptoms. But in serious cases, surgery may be necessary. \u201cIn severe cases, the orbital tissue enlargement can compress the optic nerve, leading to loss of vision,\u201d Dr. Boparai says. \u201cThis is a medical emergency, and typically requires intravenous steroids, orbital radiation, or orbital decompression surgery to enlarge the orbit.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other surgeries that are used to treat TED include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strabismus surgery (eye muscle surgery)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eyelid repair<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most important step to take is to see a healthcare provider if you develop any symptoms of TED. Usually this means seeing an ophthalmologist or optometrist. Whatever you do, TED isn\u2019t something to just brush aside or try to push through. \u201cIf left untreated, TED can lead to worsening quality of life and irreversible vision loss,\u201d Dr. Boparai says.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><svg style=\"display:none\">\n  <g id=\"facebook\">\n    <rect width=\"32\" height=\"32\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"var(--social-bg)\"\/>\n    <path fill=\"var(--social-ico)\" d=\"M19.51 9.32003H21.39V6.14003C20.4798 6.04538 19.5652 5.99865 18.65 6.00003C15.93 6.00003 14.07 7.66003 14.07 10.7V13.32H11V16.88H14.07V26H17.75V16.88H20.81L21.27 13.32H17.75V11.05C17.75 10 18.03 9.32003 19.51 9.32003Z\"\/>\n  <\/g>\n  <g id=\"twitter\">\n    <rect width=\"32\" height=\"32\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"var(--social-bg)\"\/>\n    <path fill=\"var(--social-ico)\" d=\"M26 9.9506C25.2483 10.2767 24.4534 10.4923 23.64 10.5906C24.4982 10.0779 25.1413 9.27138 25.45 8.3206C24.6436 8.80066 23.7608 9.1389 22.84 9.3206C22.2245 8.65317 21.405 8.2089 20.5098 8.05745C19.6147 7.90601 18.6945 8.05596 17.8938 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