Clinical trialist perspectives on the ethics of adaptive clinical trials: a mixed-methods analysis

1 Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, 1018 Fuller Street, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA

2 Departments of Emergency Medicine and Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

3 Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

4 Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA

5 Division of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA

6 Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

7 Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

8 Berry Consultants, Austin, TX, USA