Small-study effects and time trends in diagnostic test accuracy meta-analyses: a meta-epidemiological study

1 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Netherlands

2 Dutch Cochrane Centre, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584 CG, Netherlands

3 Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584 CG, Netherlands

4 Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, Cape Town 8000, South Africa