1 Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
2 Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
3 Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
4 Department of Public Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
5 The Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), Cambridge, MA, USA
6 Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA