Fewer than one in two children and young adults treated for anxiety achieve long-term relief from symptoms, according to the findings of a study by investigators from the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center and five other institutions.
Results of the federally funded research, to be published online Jan. 29 in the journal JAMA Psychiatry, underscore the importance of vigilant follow-up and rigorous monitoring of symptoms among anxious children, teens and young adults — even when they seem to be on the mend — the investigators say. The results also point to the need for better long-term management of a condition estimated to affect one in five children in the United States, and one that can lead to depression, substance abuse and poor academic performance well into adulthood, the research team says.
“Our findings are encouraging in that nearly half of these children achieved significant improvement and were disease-free an average of six years after treatment, but at the same time we ought to look at the other half who didn’t fare so well and figure out how we can do better,†says lead investigator Golda Ginsburg, Ph.D., a psychologist at the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center and professor of psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
The study, believed to be the first long-term analysis of children treated with a variety of therapeutic approaches, involved 288 patients, ages 11 to 26, diagnosed with and treated for anxiety for three months, then followed for an average of six years thereafter.
Participants received medication, cognitive-behavioral therapy or a combination of the two. Some 135 (47 percent) of the 288 were free of any anxiety six years after the initial treatment, the study found. Nearly 70 percent required some type of intermittent mental health therapy in the years following the original treatment, a finding that Ginsburg says underscores the chronic nature of the disorder. Only sustained watchfulness, she adds, can help spot early signs of anxiety and prevent the re-emergence of a full-blown disorder.