Urine DNA is extracted from the exfoliated cells in urine collected from hematuria patients. Bisulfite conversion differentiates the methylated PENK sequences by converting unmethylated cytosine residues to uracil. The detection of PENK methylation in urine DNA involves streamlined linear target enrichment (LTE) followed by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP), all within a single closed tube. The presence of PENK methylation indicates an increased probability of bladder cancer, warranting additional confirmation through cystoscopy for early detection or surveillance of bladder cancer. Credit: Promis Diagnostics, Inc. One of the first signs of bladder Read More
