Scanning electron micrograph of a human T lymphocyte (also called a T cell) from the immune system of a healthy donor. Credit: NIAID CAR-T cell therapy, which targets a specific protein on the surface of cancer cells, causes tumors to shrink or disappear in about half of patients with large B-cell lymphoma who haven’t experienced improvement with chemotherapy treatments. But if this CAR-T treatment fails, or the cancer returns yet again—as happens in approximately half of people—the prognosis is dire. The median survival time after relapse is about six months. Read More